基于移相策略的无变压器半桥锂电池均衡器

doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2025.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对锂电池单体间存在不一致性以及传统半桥均衡器多绕组变压器制作难度大、成本高等问题,文中提出了一种无变压器半桥锂电池均衡器,并分析了该均衡器在高频状态下影响电池单体间能量流动的关键因素。均衡器采用移相控制、最短均衡路径以及并行均衡模式,可以快速实现多个电池单体间同时均衡,因此其均衡速度快、均衡效率高且不受串联电池单体数量的影响,具有控制简单、均衡效率高、灵活性高以及开关器件少等优点。根据电池充放电动态模型推导出电池单体间能量均衡计算式,通过搭建仿真模型和实验样机对其进行验证。仿真和实验结果表明,基于移相策略的无变压器半桥锂电池均衡器能够快速实现电池单体间电压均衡。

关键词: 锂电池, 无变压器半桥均衡器, 移相控制, 能量均衡, 能量流动因素, 快速均衡, 电压均衡, 串联电池组

Abstract:

In view of the inconsistency between the cells of lithium battery and the difficulty and high cost of making the traditional half-bridge equalizer multi-winding transformer, a transformerless half-bridge lithium battery equalizer is proposed in this study, and the key factors affecting the energy flow between cells at high frequency are analyzed. Due to the use of phase-shifting control, shortest equalization path, and parallel equalization mode, the equalizer can quickly achieve simultaneous equalization between multiple battery cells. The equalization speed is fast, the equalization efficiency is high, and it is not affected by the number of battery cells in series,which makes the equalizer have the advantages of simple control, high equalization efficiency, high flexibility, and fewer switching devices. Based on the dynamic model of battery charging and discharging, an expression for energy balance between individual cells of the battery is derived, and verified by building a simulation model and experimental prototype. The simulation and experimental results show that the transformer free half bridge lithium battery equalizer based on phase shifting strategy can quickly achieve voltage equalization between battery cells.

Key words: lithium battery, half-bridge equalizer without transformer, phase-shift control, energy balance, energy flow factor, fast balancing, voltage equalization, series battery pack

中图分类号:

TN86

周斌, 阚加荣, 陈鹤鸣, 陈威威, 李炎, 徐苏东. 基于移相策略的无变压器半桥锂电池均衡器[J]. 电子科技, 2025, 38(2): 1-9.

ZHOU Bin, KAN Jiarong, CHEN Heming, CHEN Weiwei, LI Yan, XU Sudong. A Transformerless Half-Bridge Lithium Battery Equalizer Based on Phase-Shift Strategy[J]. Electronic Science and Technology, 2025, 38(2): 1-9.

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参数	数值	参数	数值
电感L	2.2 μH	隔直电容C	940 μF
开关频率	50.0 kHz	移相比φ	-0.1~0.1
P调节器	1 000.0	-	-

参数	数值	参数	数值
等效漏感L	2.2 μH	励磁电感L_m	300 μH
开关频率	50.0 kHz	移相比φ	-0.1~0.1
P调节器	1 000.0	-	-

参数	数值	参数	数值
FPGA型号	Altera-EP4CE10	MOSFET	AO4410
电感L	2.2 μH	驱动芯片	IR2104S
隔直电容C	940.0 μF	P调节器	1 000.0
开关频率	50.0 kHz	移相比φ	-0.1~0.1

	U_B₁/V	U_B₂/V	U_B₃/V	U_B₄/V	φ₁、φ₂
情况1	3.70	3.62	4.04	4.04	0.000
情况2	3.70	3.62	4.04	4.04	0.025
情况3	3.70	3.62	4.04	4.04	0.050
情况4	3.70	3.62	4.04	4.04	0.075
情况5	3.70	3.62	4.04	4.04	0.100

	U_B₁/V	U_B₂/V	U_B₃/V	U_B₄/V
情况1	3.77	3.84	3.83	3.72
情况2	3.65	3.81	3.93	4.04
情况3	3.81	3.99	3.61	3.06