Table of Content

15 June 2025 Volume 38 Issue 6

  

An Two-layer Energy Transaction Model for Microgrid Group Based on Blockchain

XIE Yifeng, ZOU Jian, LIU Aiwang, ZHU Nengfei, FANG Liming, BU Linyan, SHI Yunhui

Electronic Science and Technology. 2025, 38(6):  1-8.  doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2025.06.001

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With the gradual formation of the hierarchical structure of the microgrid, the traditional centralized power trading is facing challenges of efficiency and security, and it is difficult for each microgrid subject to respond positively to the transaction. This study proposes a blockchain-based dual-layer framework for energy trading of the microgrid group. The central node in the microgrid collects the supply and demand surplus information of the lower trading market and sends it to the upper microgrid trading market for energy trading. Based on smart contracts, a continuous two-way bidding mechanism is adopted to ensure the degree of freedom and fairness of transactions between nodes. An improved practical Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm is designed to achieve an efficient and credible consensus process. The proposed model can effectively reduce the transaction volume between the microgrid group and the main network, and improve the energy utilization efficiency. Through the simulation case of eight microgrid systems, the transaction framework can effectively improve the data throughput, reduce the data delay, and improve the economic benefits of participants.

Random Synchronization Error Correction Circuit Based on FPGA-TDC

YAO Xiaochen, XU Yang, ZHENG Qibin, BU Zhaohui, TANG Gaoming, CUI Haipo

Electronic Science and Technology. 2025, 38(6):  9-15.  doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2025.06.002

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In view of the problem that the random synchronization error in multiple-channel radar receivers leads to the difficulty in aligning the echo signal data between the acquisition channels, this study designs an all-digital random synchronization error correction circuit. High-precision time measurement technology based on the FPGA-TDC(Field Programmable Gate Array-Time-to-Digital Converter) is used to measure the phase difference between the arrival moment of the external trigger and the rising edge of the system clock. The phase compensation step size is determined from the phase difference information after encoding and calibration. The dynamic phase shifting mode of the MMCM(Mixed-Mode Clock Manager) in the FPGA is used to finely adjust the clock phase, and complete the high-precision synchronization between the system clock and the pulse echo signal. Test results show that the accuracy of the proposed circuit is better than 70 ps rms (root mean square), and the correction time is less than 12 μs, indicating that the proposed method is able to deal with the random synchronization error problem quickly.

Research on Encryption Methods Based on XML Data

ZHOU You, LU Anjiang

Electronic Science and Technology. 2025, 38(6):  16-22.  doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2025.06.003

Abstract ( 178 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1403KB) ( 60 )  

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XML (Extensible Markup Language) is the preferred medium for data exchange. Therefore, appropriate encryption and decryption methods must be selected to ensure its security. RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) encryption algorithm and AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) encryption algorithm are common encryption methods at present, but when encrypting and decrypting XML documents, RSA encryption algorithm is inefficient and AES encryption algorithm is less secure. In view of the above problems, the RSA encryption algorithm is improved using Chinese remainder theorem and Fermat's little theorem. The experimental results show that the encryption and decryption efficiency of the improved RSA encryption algorithm has been significantly improved. The combination of AES encryption algorithm and RSA encryption algorithm or the combination of AES encryption algorithm and improved RSA encryption algorithm can improve the security, but the efficiency of the former is lower than that of the latter.

A Parking Space Detection Method Based on Deep Learning

TANG Yuliang, ZHANG Xuanxiong

Electronic Science and Technology. 2025, 38(6):  23-29.  doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2025.06.004

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In view of the problems such as single task and occlusion of key points in parking detection algorithm in automatic parking system, a YOLO(You Only Look Once)-based parking detection model is proposed by combining target detection and key point detection, which can simultaneously detect parking area, parking use and key points. The key point regression branch of parking space is added to the output end of YOLOv7-tiny(You Only Look Once version7-tiny) model and its coding design is carried out to improve the accuracy of model identification and positioning by improving the loss function. The attention mechanism is integrated in the backbone network to improve the feature extraction capability of the network. The experimental results show that compared with YOLOv7-tiny, the average parking area recognition accuracy of the proposed model is increased by 1.8 percentage, and the parking space usage judgment accuracy is increased by 1.1 percentage. Moreover, the key point location function is added, and the success rate of location reaches 94.1%, indicating that the proposed method has high application value.

A Dual Branch Image Dehazing Algorithm Based on Multi-Layer Feature Enhancement

CHEN Qingjiang, YANG Shuang

Electronic Science and Technology. 2025, 38(6):  30-38.  doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2025.06.005

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In view of the problems of residual haze, local detail loss, contour blur in traditional image dehazing algorithm, a double-branch image dehazing algorithm with multi-layer feature enhancement is proposed. Considering the problem of detail loss caused by extracting global information, the two-branch structure is used to fuse the global feature and local feature to compensate for the lost local detail feature, so as to restore high quality fog free image. Global branch fuses multi-scale global information by expanding convolution with different expansion rates. Local branches extract the local texture and color of the image through continuous local detail enhancement blocks. Experimental results show that compared with other algorithms, the proposed algorithm significantly improves the PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) value on the composite image residing in the public haze image data set RESIDE. Experiments in real scenarios and ablation experiments have also proved the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Broadband Acoustic Spectrum Fault Monitoring Technology Based on Support Vector Machine

ZHU Xiaofeng, BAI Xingyu

Electronic Science and Technology. 2025, 38(6):  39-44.  doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2025.06.006

Abstract ( 189 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1015KB) ( 39 )  

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In view of the problem of condition monitoring of electromechanical equipment under complex background noise, a wideband sound spectrum fault monitoring method based on SVM (Supported Vector Machine) is proposed in this study. Different from the traditional narrowband fault monitoring method based on acceleration sensor and vibration analysis, the proposed method uses a broadband acoustic sensor to collect the sound spectrum signal. Power spectral entropy and multiscale entropy computations are employed for background noise suppression and voiceprint extraction. Based on SVM, the pattern recognition capability of SVM is combined with the background noise suppression capability of power spectrum entropy and multi-scale entropy. The proposed method has strong broadband fault information picking ability, strong interference noise suppression ability, high equipment status information utilization rate, accurate voiceprint tracking and matching, and can accurately monitor and identify the operation faults of electromechanical equipment under complex background noise environment, which is verified by simulation and experimental results.

Efficient Memory Access Instruction Extension and Hardware Implementation Based on RISC-V

XU Junjie, ZHANG Jiahong, WEI Jinghe, LIU Guozhu, HE Jian, YOU Xingyu

Electronic Science and Technology. 2025, 38(6):  45-51.  doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2025.06.007

Abstract ( 316 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1539KB) ( 61 )  

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MCU(Micro Control Unit) is a data flow control method often used in the deployment inference of neural network model hardware, and memory access operation is the main execution content of MCU data flow control. In view of the problems such as low efficiency and poor flexibility of memory access instruction supported by MCU with traditional instruction set architecture, this study investigates SIMD(Single Instruction Multiple Data) extension based on RISC-V(Reduced Instruction Set Computer V) instruction set. The efficient memory access instruction is designed according to the instruction expansion coding space reserved by RISC-V. To support the correct execution of the new extension instructions, the related hardware circuit is extended based on the open source Hummingbird E203 kernel of core technology. The performance of the extended kernel is evaluated by comparing the performance of the base kernel and the extended kernel against the same functional software load. The results show that when the extended E203 kernel continuously accesses memory in the 16 Byte address space, the number of instructions is reduced by 65.23%, the execution cycle is reduced by 66.12%, and the energy efficiency of the extended kernel is higher with the increase of the number of accesses.

Zero Value Calibration Method of Multi-Measurement and Control Equipment Based on WMN and RTK

PANG Yuefeng, LI Yingxiang, HUO Wenjie, MA Le

Electronic Science and Technology. 2025, 38(6):  52-57.  doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2025.06.008

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Test preparation period of mobile measurement and control equipment is greatly shortened under the trend of high density of test tasks, and the angle zero calibration method suitable for a single mobile measurement and control equipment cannot meet the requirements of simultaneous deployment of multiple devices. In view of the problem, an improved method for angle zero calibration of measurement and control equipment based on WMN(Wireless Mesh Network) and RTK(Real-Time Kinematic) difference technology is proposed in the present study. The design of WMN and the research of the calibration algorithm of angle zero measurement are carried out, and the simultaneous calibration of angle zero measurement of multiple sets of measurement and control equipment are realized by the calibration system of unmanned aerial vehicle. The calibration accuracy is improved by random error smoothing, outlier removal and Ratio rate test. The test and analysis results show that the proposed method can improve the calibration efficiency on the basis of meeting the calibration accuracy requirements of the main measurement and control equipment.

A SAR ADC Design Using Resistance Arrays

OU Haoran, ZHANG Xuanxiong

Electronic Science and Technology. 2025, 38(6):  58-64.  doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2025.06.009

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SAR ADC(Successive Approximation Register Analog Digital Converter) is a kind of ADC with low power consumption, simple structure, reliable performance, and wide range of accuracy and sampling rate, so it is widely used in various integrated circuits. Conventional SAR ADCs use capacitor arrays to provide analog reference voltages, but capacitor arrays require a larger area, which reduces the yield per wafer and increases the cost. In this study, an existing R2R DAC(Digital Analog Converter) structure is used to provide analog reference voltage instead of capacitor array to reduce the circuit area. Compared to traditional resistive DAC structures, R2R DAC structures consume less power. The flip circuit is added to eliminate the common mode noise in the circuit design, and the protection ring and pseudotube are added to ensure the matching degree and reliability. With the same accuracy, the effective area of the SAR ADC circuit is reduced by about 35%. After extracting parasitic parameters, the ENOB(Effective Number of Bits) and SNDR(Signal-to-Noise-and-Distortion Ratio) of the simulated ADC are 9.93 bit and 61.51 dB, and the simulation error is less than 1 LSB(Least Significant Number) under different PVT(Process Voltage Temperature) conditions.

Ink Transfer Algorithm Based on CBAM Residual Block Combined with Texture Sampler

LIU Xueli, DU Hongbo, YUAN Xuefeng, ZHU Lijun

Electronic Science and Technology. 2025, 38(6):  65-73.  doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2025.06.010

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In view of the problems of ink style transfer algorithm, such as unclear lines, chaotic textures and poor color reconstruction, a new lightweight ink style transfer neural network IWSGAN(Ink and Wash Style Generative Adversarial Networks) is proposed in this study. The CBAM(Convolutional Block Attention Module) residual block is used to calculate the channel spatial attention of the feature map, which improves the algorithm's adoption rate of effective information. In combination with the ink texture salience sampler ITSS(Ink-Texture-Saliency-Sampler), the local image blocks of ink painting salience are sampled from the training data to make the line texture of the transferred ink picture more ink texture. Five different loss functions are used to constrain the high-level semantics of the content image and the generated image to facilitate consistency in style characteristics. The experimental results show that the image generated by IWSGAN retains more content features, the texture details of the lines are more vivid, the color reconstruction performance is excellent, and the image quality is significantly improved.

Design of MPSK Signal Real-Time Demodulation System Based on FPGA

ZHANG Zhaoru, LIU Sheng, LIU Shigang

Electronic Science and Technology. 2025, 38(6):  74-81.  doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2025.06.011

Abstract ( 274 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (2024KB) ( 69 )  

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In view of the five kinds of phase shift keying signals, namely BPSK(Binary Phase Shift Keying), QPSK(Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), PI/4-QPSK(PI/4-Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), OQPSK(Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) and 8PSK(8 Phase Shift Keying), a design algorithm of real-time online demodulation system with configurable parameters based on FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) is proposed. The intermediate frequency signals with different configuration parameters and modulation type can be processed using the same pre-processing structure, then they can be demodulated separately based on the different characteristics of the signals to obtain the constellation data and demodulated symbols. The fixed-point simulation of each module in the algorithm is completed on the MATLAB platform. The FPGA algorithm is developed on the Vivado platform using Verilog language, and the simulation verification is carried out for each module and the total project with Modelsim software. Five modulation types of signals are generated using Rohde & Schwarz SMBV100B signal generator, and the signals are collected using the ADRV9009 and the AMD 7 Series xc7vx690tffg1157-2 chip for on-board testing. The test results show that the demodulation system can complete the demodulation function of five kinds of MPSK(Multiple Phase Shift Keying) signals. Compared with traditional design structure, the proposed algorithm structure saves hardware resources.

Steel Plate Surface Defect Detection Based on Improved YOLOv5

SHEN Tingqian, LU Yujun, XIN Hao, WU Hanchao, WANG Shinan

Electronic Science and Technology. 2025, 38(6):  82-88.  doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2025.06.012

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To meet the requirements of steel plate surface defect detection in most industrial scenarios, a steel plate surface defect detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5(You Only Look Once version 5) is proposed to solve the problems such as low detection accuracy of steel plate surface defects and failure to detect small target defects. On the basis of YOLOv5, the CBAM(Convolution Block Attention Module) is embedded into the backbone network to improve network detection accuracy. The context enhancement module is added to improve the detection performance of small targets. The NWD(Normalized Wasserstein Distance) metric is used to replace the original IoU(Intersection over Union) metric in YOLOv5, making the network more accurate in identifying crack defects. Experimental results show that the average detection accuracy of the proposed steel plate surface defect detection algorithm for six types of defects, including crack, inclusion, plaque, pitting, pressed iron oxide, scratch, reaches 88.9%, the frame rate reaches 110.4 frame·s^-1, and the accuracy of small target crack reaches 75%.

Research Progress and Application Trend of New Feeder Automation Technology in Distribution Network

SUN Jianquan, JIA Youcheng, BAO Yulin, WANG Zhengsen

Electronic Science and Technology. 2025, 38(6):  89-94.  doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2025.06.013

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With the continuous growth of power demand and the escalating reliability requirements for power supply to users, feeder automation technology has emerged as a crucial means to enhance the reliability of power distribution networks, evolving from traditional local and centralized modes to intelligent distributed modes. Intelligent distributed feeder automation technology leverages advanced communication technology to enable information interaction and collaborative work among feeder terminal units, significantly improving the speed and accuracy of fault handling. This study reviews the research progress of intelligent distributed feeder automation technology, including its technical principles, communication technology support, and integrated applications with the internet of things and adaptive technologies. The current technical challenges are analized, such as increased difficulty in fault location and direction judgment due to the integration of distributed energy sources. The development trends of intelligent distributed feeder automation technology are prospected, including deep integration with artificial intelligence, technical optimization for distributed energy source integration, and technological innovations to improve power supply reliability and power quality.