匿名网络应用及仿真平台研究综述

doi:10.19665/j.issn1001-2400.2021.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

匿名网络可以隐匿用户和服务提供者的真实身份及位置信息。随着网络空间的日益扩大以及用户对于隐私保护重视程度的提高,匿名网络的研究得到了进一步发展。鉴于目前缺乏匿名网络的应用总结,特别是缺少对于匿名网络仿真平台研究的相关综述,因此结合当前匿名网络的研究现状,对已有的隐私保护匿名技术和匿名网络实际应用的典型代表从多个维度进行了归纳,总结了现有仿真平台和实验环境的优劣势,从可用性、工作效率、真实性、可控规模等方面介绍了相关工作。最后对未来匿名网络的应用研究进行展望,为新的研究内容和趋势提供思路。

关键词: 匿名网络, Tor网络, 网络安全, 网络监管, 隐私保护

Abstract:

An anonymous network can hide the real identities of and location information on users and service providers. With the expansion of cyberspace and the increasing importance of privacy protection,the research on anonymous networks has been further developed.For lack of application survey of anonymous networks at present,especially for lack of relevant reviews on the research on anonymous network simulation platforms,this paper,in the light of the current research status of anonymous networks,summarizes the existing privacy protection anonymous technology and the typical representatives of practical application of the anonymous network from multiple dimensions.We investigate the advantages and disadvantages of existing simulation platforms and environments and introduce the related works in terms of usability,efficiency,authenticity and the controllable scale.Finally,prospects for future research on anonymous network application are given to provide ideas for new research content and trends.

Key words: anonymous network, tor, cyber security, network regulation, privacy protection

中图分类号:

TP391

郑献春,李晖,王瑞,闫皓楠,戴睿,萧明炽. 匿名网络应用及仿真平台研究综述[J]. 西安电子科技大学学报, 2021, 48(1): 22-38.

ZHENG Xianchun,LI Hui,WANG Rui,YAN Haonan,DAI Rui,XIAO Mingchi. Survey of anonymous network applications and simulation platforms[J]. Journal of Xidian University, 2021, 48(1): 22-38.

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研究方向	攻击方式	防御方案
链路攻击	网络审查^[42] BGP攻击^[43]	审查避免^[44]、基于时序的回避系统^[45]
	网络审查^[42] BGP攻击^[43]	路径选择算法^[46]、守卫节点选择算法^[47,48]
	路径选择攻击^[46]	路径选择算法^[46]、守卫节点选择算法^[47,48]
	路径选择攻击^[46]	增强稳定性和安全性
	网桥攻击^[49]	增强稳定性和安全性
流量分析	网桥发现攻击^[5]
	重放攻击^[5]	数据挖掘、可信机制
	中间人攻击^[5]
	流量关联攻击^[52,53]	利用网络测量执行路径预测、智能中继选择^[54]
网站指纹攻击	基于网站特征^{[59-60,62,64-65]}	修改浏览器以半双工模式工作^[61]、重新设计服务站点^[63]
网站指纹攻击	基于网站缓存^[66]	缓存屏蔽技术
	侧信道攻击^[68-69,72]
其他攻击	拒绝服务攻击^[73]	隐私信息保护、负载测量与均衡技术
	信息泄露^[74,75]

实验途径	典型应用代表	优点	缺点
真实网络中实验	真实的Tor网络	小规模实验的门槛较低,真实度高	整体不可控,大规模实验的成本高,危害影响范围广
大型网络测试床	PlanetLab^[83]	根据实验需要申请资源,拥有一定程度上的全局视角	损失了部分真实度,时间范围和规模有限
模拟实验	ExperamenTor^[85]	全局控制度较高,实验部署成本较低	不再更新,目前没有可使用的版本
仿真试验	TorPs^[87]	仅适用于提高或者改变链路选择算法的相关实验	无法满足流量分析、安全性测试等实验的要求
半仿真半模拟	Shadow^[88]	接管了底层并实现了一个复杂的实验网络,全局性和真实性较高	改造成本较高,且改造效果直接影响实验效率和结果