DorChain:利用休眠币提高交易验证效率

doi:10.19665/j.issn1001-2400.2022.02.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对未花费交易输出的日益增长所带来的验证开销增加的问题,提出了一种新的利用休眠币来提高交易验证效率的方法。通过将未花费交易输出分为活跃和休眠这两种状态,将活跃的未花费交易输出存储在活跃集合活跃交易输出中,将休眠的未花费交易输出存储在休眠集合休眠交易输出中,并使用RSA累加器与MMR(Merkle Mountain Range)两种技术分别对休眠和活跃的未花费交易输出进行实例化,形成休眠交易输出承诺以及活跃默克尔根存储在区块头中。另外,以18个月为一个时期,且最后一个区块为一个检查点区块,只在检查点区块处存储休眠交易输出承诺并对其进行更新,在普通区块以及检查点区块处都存储活跃默克尔根来保证区块的最新状态。同时通过构造休眠证明的方式来保证事务的真实性,证明其不是伪造的。该方案评估表明:在提供最小证明大小(320字节)和最小区块头引入数据(32字节)的同时,验证1 000个事务仅花费约100 ms。这种验证方法可大幅度地提高事务验证效率。

关键词: 休眠, 区块链, 验证, 未花费交易输出承诺

Abstract:

In response to the problem of the increased verification overhead caused by the increasing growth of the UTXO (Unspent Transaction Output),a new method of using dormant coins to improve transaction verification efficiency is proposed.The UTXO is divided into two states,active and dormant.The active UTXO is stored in the active set ATXO (Active Transaction Output),and the dormant UTXO is stored in the dormant set DTXO (Dormant Transaction Output).Two technologies-the RSA accumulator and MMR (Merkle Mountain Range) are used to instantiate the dormant and active UTXO respectively,forming DTXO_C (Dormant Transaction Output_Commitment ) and AMR (Active Merkle Root) storage in the block header.In addition,18 months is an epoch and the last block is a checkpoint.Only the DTXO_C is stored in the checkpoint and updated,with the AMR stored in both the normal block and the checkpoint to ensure the latest state of the block.At the same time,the authenticity of the transaction is ensured by constructing the dormancy proof,and it is proved that it is not forged.The evaluation of the program shows that in providing the minimum proof size (320 bytes) and the minimum block header to introduce data (32 B),it only takes about 100 milliseconds to verify 1 000 transactions.This verification method can greatly improve the efficiency of transaction verification.

Key words: dormant, blockchain, verification, utxo commitment

中图分类号:

TP393.08

潘森杉,徐腊梅. DorChain:利用休眠币提高交易验证效率[J]. 西安电子科技大学学报, 2022, 49(2): 182-189.

PAN Senshan,XU Lamei. DorChain:Utilization of dormant coins to improve the transaction verification efficiency[J]. Journal of Xidian University, 2022, 49(2): 182-189.

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方案	累加器类型	证明大小	验证复杂度	交易证明大小/B	区块头引入大小/B	验证时间/ (ms/1 000)
Boneh^[11]	RSA(UTXO)	O(1)	O(1)	436	32	40 000
Edrax^[12]	SMT(UTXO)	O(log n)	O(log n)	371	32	264
Minichain-^[13]	RSA(STXO)+ MT(TXO)	O(log m)+O(1)	O(log m)+O(1)	810	32	20 100
Minichain+^[13]	RSA(STXO)+ MMR(TXO)	O(log m)+O(1)+ O(log L)	O(log m)+O(1)+ O(log L)	1 450	448	20 300
Ethanos^[14]	MPT(Account)	O(n²)	O(n²)	3 072	10 485 760	1 500
Flyclient^[19]	MMR(UTXO)	O(log (n+1))	O(log (n+1))	NA	40	NA
DorChain	RSA(DTXO)+MMR(ATXO)	O(log 0.5n)	O(log 0.5n)	320	32	100

方案	存在性证明开销	NI-POE证明开销	综合开销
Boneh^[11]	0	2P_N	2P_N
Minichain-^[13]	P_E	P_N	P_E+P_N
Minichain+^[13]	2P_E	P_N	2P_E+P_N
DorChain	P_E	0	P_E

方案	扫描机制	Merkle证明	无效证明	Bloom值
Ethanos^[14]	√	√	√	√
DorChain	×	√	×	×