区块链技术在电子病历共享的应用研究

doi:10.19665/j.issn1001-2400.2020.05.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

由于医疗数据的私密性和敏感性,数据共享和隐私保护是电子病历的关键问题。针对区块链的分散性和抗篡改性等特点,提出基于区块链的电子病历共享模型。首先,构建私有链和联盟链,分别存储用户加密的电子病历与电子病历安全索引记录。其次,提出分布式密钥生成技术与基于类型和身份的代理重加密方案相结合,设计了一种多中心的方案作为数据共享协议,采用委托权益证明算法选取代理节点。最后,对所提方案与现存方案从防篡改、抵抗攻击等多方面进行分析与评估。结果表明,该方案在通信开销与算力方面耗能较少,能有效地实现医疗数据之间的安全共享。

关键词: 电子病历, 数据共享, 分布式密钥生成, 区块链, 代理重加密

Abstract:

Electronic health records contain the occurrence, development and treatment of patients' diseases, and have a high medical value. Due to the privacy and sensitivity of medical data, data sharing and privacy protection are key issues for electronic medical records. Aiming at the characteristics of decentralization and tamper resistance of the blockchain, an electronic medical record sharing model based on the blockchain is proposed. First, a private chain and an alliance chain are built to store the encrypted electronic medical and electronic medical's security index records of users, respectively. Second, a combination of distributed key generation technology and a type and identity based proxy re-encryption scheme is proposed, and a multi-center scheme is designed as a data sharing protocol, which uses the entrusted-proof-of-rights-and-interests algorithm to select proxy nodes. Finally, an analysis and calculation of the proposed scheme and the existing scheme in various aspects such as tamper resistance and attack resistance are conducted. The result shows that the scheme consumes less energy in terms of communication overhead and computing power so that it can achieve the safe sharing of medical data effectively.

Key words: electronic medical record, data sharing, distributed key generation, blockchain, proxy re-encryption

中图分类号:

R197.323

翟社平,汪一景,陈思吉. 区块链技术在电子病历共享的应用研究[J]. 西安电子科技大学学报, 2020, 47(5): 103-112.

ZHAI Sheping,WANG Yijing,CHEN Siji. Research on the application of blockchain technology in the sharing of electronic medical records[J]. Journal of Xidian University, 2020, 47(5): 103-112.

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

表2

不同方案间通信开销的比较"

阶段	笔者提出的方案	文献[19]
数据存储	$2 n + 4 G 1$ + $G τ$ + $Q$ + $σ$ +32	$n + 6 G 1$ + $G τ$ +3 $Q$ +59
索引存储	$n + 2 G 1$ +n $G τ$ + $σ$ +32 B	8 $n + 6 G 1 + G τ + 3 Q$ +90
关键字搜索	2 $G 1$ + $G τ$	6 $G 1$ +2 $Q$
数据访问	4 $G 1$ +2 $G τ$ +2 $Q$ +64	32

表2

图5

表3

参考文献 19

[1]	IVAN D. Moving Toward a Blockchain-based Method for the Secure Storage of Patient Records[CA/OL].[2020-04-26].https://www.docin.com/p-2129863274.html.
[2]	YUE X, WANG H, JIN D, et al. Healthcare Data Gateways: Found Healthcare Intelligence on Blockchain with Novel Privacy Risk Control[J]. Journal of Medical Systems, 2016,40(10):1-8.
[3]	冯涛, 焦滢, 方君丽, 等. 基于联盟区块链的医疗健康数据安全模型[J]. 计算机科学, 2020,47(4):305-311.
	FENG Tao, JIAO Ying, FANG Junli, et al. Medical Health Data Security Model Based on Alliance Blockchain[J]. Computer Science, 2020,47(4):305-311.
[4]	ZHANG Y, QIU M, TSAI C W, et al. Health-CPS: Healthcare Cyber-Physical System Assisted by Cloud and Big Data[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2017,11(1):88-95.
[5]	YANG K, ZHANG K, JIA X, et al. Privacy-preserving Attribute-keyword Based Data Publish-subscribe Service on Cloud Platforms[J]. Information Sciences, 2017,387:116-131.
[6]	XHAFA F, FENG J, ZHANG Y, et al. Privacy-aware Attribute-based PHR Sharing with User Accountability in Cloud Computing[J]. Journal of Supercomputing, 2015,71(5):1607-1619.
[7]	CAO S, ZHANG G, LIU P, et al. Cloud-assisted Secure Ehealth Systems for Tamper-proofing EHR via Blockchain[J]. Information Sciences, 2019,485:427-440.
[8]	NAKAMOTO S. Bitcoin: a Peer-to-peer Electronic Cash System[EB/OL]. [2020-04-26]. https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.
[9]	欧阳丽炜, 王帅, 袁勇, 等. 智能合约: 架构及进展[J]. 自动化学报, 2019,45(3):445-457.
	OUYANG Liwei, WANG Shuai, YUAN Yong, et al. Smart Contracts: Architecture and Research Progresses[J]. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2019,45(3):445-457.
[10]	薛腾飞, 傅群超, 王枞, 等. 基于区块链的医疗数据共享模型研究[J]. 自动化学报, 2017,43(9):1555-1562.
	XUE Tenfei, FU Qunchao, WANG Zong, et al. A Medical Data Sharing model via Blockchain[J]. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2017,43(9):1555-1562.
[11]	DAGHER G G, MOHLER J, MILOJKOVIC M, et al. Ancile: Privacy-preserving Framework for Access Control and Interoperability of Electronic Health Records Using Blockchain Technology[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2018,39:283-297.
[12]	GUO R, SHI H, ZHAO Q, et al. Secure Attribute-based Signature Scheme with Multiple Authorities for Blockchain in Electronic Health Records Systems[J]. IEEE Access, 2018,6:11676-11686.
[13]	CHAN A C F. Distributed Private Key Generation for Identity Based Cryptosystems in Ad Hoc Networks[J]. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2012,1(1):46-48.
[14]	IBRAIMI L, TANG Q, HARTEL P, et al. A Type-and-identity-based Proxy Re-encryption Scheme and Its Application in Healthcare [C]//Lecture Notes in Computer Science: 5159. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 2008: 185-198.
[15]	张亮, 刘百祥, 张如意, 等. 区块链技术综述[J]. 计算机工程, 2019,45(5):1-12.
	ZHANG Liang, LIU Baixiang, ZHANG Ruyi, et al. Overview of Blockchain Technology[J]. Computer Engineering, 2019,45(5):1-12.
[16]	NOROOZI M, ESLAMI Z. Public Key Authenticated Encryption with Keyword Search: Revisited[J]. IET Information Security, 2019,13(4):336-342.
[17]	BLAZE M, BLEUMER G, STRAUSS M. Divertible Protocols and Atomic Proxy Cryptography [C]//Lecture Notes in Computer Science: 1403. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 1998: 127-144.
[18]	ZHENG Z, XIE S, DAI H, et al. An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends [C]// Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 6th International Congress on Big Data. Piscataway: IEEE, 2017: 557-564.
[19]	ZHANG A Q, LIN X D. Towards Secure and Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing in e-Health Systems via Consortium Blockchain[J]. Journal of Medical Systems, 2018,42(8):1-18.

文献	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
[10]	达到要求	Improve DPoS	未达到要求	未达到要求	Big
[11]	未达到要求	PoW	未达到要求	达到要求	Big
[19]	达到要求	DBPT	未达到要求	达到要求	Big
文中	达到要求	DPoS	达到要求	达到要求	Small

交易		长度/bytes	最长时间/ms	最短时间/ms	平均时间/ms	Gas消耗/wei
T_x₁	n=20	7 436	698	409	557	2 508 234
	n=50	22 387	1 654	1 327	1 465	5 648 632
	n=100	49 635	3 786	3 476	3 667	11 067 458
T_x₂		3 087	245	192	203	574 905