可自纠错的联合式加密图像可逆数据隐藏算法

doi:10.19665/j.issn1001-2400.2021.01.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解决现有联合式加密图像可逆数据隐藏方法中存在的数据提取误码问题,并提高此类方法的数据嵌入容量,提出了一种兼具自纠错和内容隐私保护功能的新算法。该算法在图像加密前通过预处理生成纠错数据并以可逆方式自嵌入到图像下采样像素中,图像加密后只需保留或翻转其中各非采样像素分组的若干位最低有效位即可嵌入数据,图像解密后可100%正确提取嵌入数据并无失真恢复原图像。实验结果表明,该算法在解决联合式方法数据提取误码问题的基础上,大大提高了数据嵌入容量,同时直接解密得到的载密图像质量良好。该技术在军事、医学、云服务等众多领域有着广泛的应用价值。

关键词: 可逆数据隐藏, 整数变换, 加密, 插值

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of extracted-bit errors in existing joint reversible data hiding methods for encrypted images and achieve a higher embedding capacity,a novel algorithm with self-correction and privacy protection is proposed.Before image encryption,the algorithm embeds self-correcting data generated by preprocessing into the down-sampling pixels of the image reversibly,and then data can be embedded into the encrypted image by reserving or flipping certain least significant bits of non-sampled pixels in each group.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm greatly increases the embedding capacity,and that the quality of the decrypted marked image is fine.This technology can be used in military,medical,cloud services and other fields.

Key words: reversible data hiding, integer transformation, encryption, interpolation

中图分类号:

TP.309

邱应强,蔡灿辉,曾焕强,冯桂,林晓丹,钱振兴. 可自纠错的联合式加密图像可逆数据隐藏算法[J]. 西安电子科技大学学报, 2021, 48(1): 107-116.

QIU Yingqiang,CAI Canhui,ZENG Huanqiang,FENG Gui,LIN Xiaodan,QIAN Zhenxing. Joint reversible data hiding in encrypted images with the self-correcting ability[J]. Journal of Xidian University, 2021, 48(1): 107-116.

图/表 7

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

表2

表3

参考文献 17

[1]	WANG X, LI X L, YANG B, et al. Efficient Generalized Integer Transform for Reversible Watermarking[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2010,17(6):567-570. doi: 10.1109/LSP.2010.2046930
[2]	QIU Y Q, QIAN Z X, YU L. Adaptive Reversible Data Hiding by Extending the Generalized Integer Transformation[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2016,23(1):130-134.
[3]	王祥, 李可, 付凯元, 等. 直方图平移的自适应大容量可逆水印算法[J]. 西安电子科技大学学报, 2014,41(1):124-129.
	WANG Xiang, LI Ke, FU Kaiyuan, et al. Histogram Shifting Based Adaptive Reversible Watermarking Algorithm with a High Capacity[J]. Journal of Xidian University, 2014,41(1):124-129.
[4]	QIN J Q, HUANG F J. Reversible Data Hiding Based on Multiple Two-dimensional Histograms Modification[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2019,26(6):843-847.
[5]	OU B, ZHAO Y. High Capacity Reversible Data Hiding Based on Multiple Histograms Modification[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2020,30(8):2329-2342.
[6]	QI W F, LI X L, ZHANG T, et al. Optimal Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Based on Multiple Histograms Modification[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2020,30(8):2300-2312.
[7]	ZHANG X P. Separable Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Image[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2012,7(2):826-832.
[8]	MA K D, ZHANG W M, ZHAO X F, et al. Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images by Reserving Room before Encryption[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2013,8(3):553-562.
[9]	QIU Y Q, QIAN Z X, ZENG H Q, et al. Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Using Adaptive Reversible Integer Transformation[J]. Signal Processing, 2020,167:107288.
[10]	PUTEAUX P, PUECH W. An Efficient MSB Prediction-based Method for High-capacity Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2018,13(7):1670-1681.
[11]	YIN Z X, XIANG Y Z, ZHANG X P. Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Multi-MSB Prediction and Huffman Coding[J]. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2020,22(4):874-884.
[12]	WU Y Q, XIANG Y Z, GUO Y T, et al. An Improved Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Using Parametric Binary Tree Labeling[J]. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2020,22(8):1929-1938. doi: 10.1109/TMM.6046
[13]	ZHANG X P. Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Image[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2011,18(4):255-258. doi: 10.1109/LSP.2011.2114651
[14]	HONG W, CHEN T S, WU H Y. An Improved Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Using Side Match[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2012,19(4):199-202. doi: 10.1109/LSP.2012.2187334
[15]	LIAO X, SHU C W. Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Absolute Mean Difference of Multiple Neighboring Pixels[J]. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 2015,28(2):21-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.12.007
[16]	QIAN Z X, DAI S, JIANG F, et al. Improved Joint Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images[J]. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 2016,40:732-738. doi: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2016.08.020
[17]	ZHANG L, WU X L. An Edge-guided Image Interpolation Algorithm via Directional Filtering and Data Fusion[J]. IEEE Transaction on Image Processing, 2006,15(8):2226-2238. doi: 10.1109/TIP.2006.877407

方法	Lena	Baboon	Man	Lake	Goldhill	Boats	Couple	Tiffany
文献[13]方法	1 156	196	625	1 024	784	1 024	1 024	900
文献[14]方法	1 296	225	900	1 296	1 764	1 764	1 396	1 153
文献[15]方法	1 296	225	784	1 024	784	1 296	1 396	784
文献[16]方法	3 897	629	3 630	2 094	2 434	2 434	3 723	1 497
本文方法	98 304	65 536	98 304	65 536	98 304	98 304	98 304	98 304

图像	翻转最低有效位位数	数据嵌入量/bit
图像	翻转最低有效位位数	1 536	3 072	6 144	12 288	24 576	49 152	65 536	98 304
Lena	2	44.593 3	44.436 4	44.391 3	44.152 0	43.208 1	39.227 9	36.080 1	30.830 8
	3	38.464 7	38.412 2	38.389 9	38.444 1	38.337 7	37.357 4	36.178 2	32.577 6
Baboon	2	43.774 2	43.187 0	41.775 9	38.792 1	33.766 6	28.129 3	25.271 0
	3	38.308 7	38.150 5	37.802 1	36.757 9	33.492 2	28.429 3	25.762 3
Man	2	44.523 4	44.334 7	44.006 2	43.103 2	40.389 4	34.859 1	31.574 3	25.690 0
	3	38.334 5	38.248 3	38.221 7	38.130 7	37.556 6	34.950 5	32.542 0	27.461 2
Lake	2	44.560 3	44.343 0	43.984 5	43.048 2	40.214 2	33.666 8	30.193 5
	3	38.414 4	38.321 5	38.300 6	38.140 3	37.409 6	33.895 1	31.041 9
Goldhill	2	44.612 0	44.420 2	43.886 3	42.484 1	39.735 7	34.004 8	30.803 5	25.047 9
	3	38.471 9	38.405 0	38.353 9	38.142 8	37.332 4	34.188 9	31.595 0	26.383 1
Boats	2	44.180 6	43.911 6	43.491 3	42.482 6	39.544 8	33.772 4	30.319 5	24.506 4
	3	38.439 6	38.373 1	38.295 5	38.135 1	37.269 1	33.905 8	31.021 0	25.728 2
Couple	2	44.436 6	44.183 2	43.644 0	42.274 9	38.909 7	32.626 8	29.396 9
	3	38.410 1	38.334 3	38.243 3	38.047 7	37.050 0	33.107 6	30.191 5	24.643 5
Tiffany	2	44.320 3	44.126 9	43.724 5	42.892 0	40.319 6	35.008 0	31.690 6	26.327 3
	3	38.411 4	38.323 8	38.279 9	38.151 2	37.628 9	34.945 7	32.580 6	27.672 0

方法	文献[7]	文献[8]	文献[9]	文献[10]	文献[11]	文献[12]	文献[13]	文献[14]	文献[15]	文献[16]	文中方法
嵌入方式	VRAE	VRBE	VRBE	VRBE	VRBE	VRBE	VRAE	VRAE	VRAE	VRAE	VRAE
提取方式	分离式	分离式	分离式	分离式	分离式	分离式	联合式	联合式	联合式	联合式	联合式
嵌入容量	低	中等	高	高	高	高	低	低	低	低	中等
载密质量	一般	较好	较好	较差	较差	较差	一般	一般	一般	一般	较好
提取误码	无	无	无	无	无	无	存在	存在	存在	存在	无
恢复失真	无	无	无	无	无	无	存在	存在	存在	存在	无