Abstract: Based on the Turn Model, three distributed adaptive routing algorithms are proposed for Torus networks, which
split the physical network into virtual networks. According to the predefined rules, packets use different virtual networks
on their way to destinations. In 2D Torus networks, only three virtual channels are needed. This is the minimum number of
virtual channels to implement the adaptive routing algorithm in Torus networks. Simulations of the performance of three
algorithms under different configurations are done by OPNET software. The results show that, compared with the popular
dimension order routing algorithm, the three adaptive algorithm can achieve better performance under different traffic
patterns because of adaptiveness.

Key words: Torus networks, routing, deadlock, livelock, adaptiveness