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    20 February 2017 Volume 44 Issue 1
      
    Accelerated time domain imaging algorithm and its autofocus approach
    ZENG Letian;LIANG Yi;LI Zhenyu;HUAI Yuanyuan;XING Mengdao
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  1-5+70.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.001
    Abstract ( 403 )   PDF (1753KB) ( 378 )   Save
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    The measurement accuracy of a navigation system is inadequate for airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR). This may seriously degrade the image quality. In this paper, we propose an accelerated time domain (ATD) imaging algorithm combined with the autofocus method. By introducing the global pseudo polar coordinate (GPPC), we construct the Fourier transform pair (FTP) relationship. Then, the weighted least square phase gradient autofocus (WLS-PGA) algorithm is adopted to implement accurate phase error compensation. This method uses fast Fourier transform to implement sub-image fusions instead of time-consuming two-dimensional interpolation. Also, it has good compatibility with the high-accuracy autofocus algorithm to estimate the residual motion errors within the radar echoes and to obtain a well-focused image.

    Nonbinary LDPC codes constructed based on cyclic difference families
    XU Hengzhou;SUN Cheng;BAI Baoming
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  6-11+28.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.002
    Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (516KB) ( 264 )   Save
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    This paper presents two classes of nonbinary LDPC codes based on cyclic difference families. A method of constructing nonbinary LDPC codes with various rates and over different fields is also proposed. A class of codes whose parity-check matrices consist of weight-2 columns, known as cycle codes, has girth 12, and it is  also proved that these codes have a minimum distance of at least 6. Simulation results show that the constructed nonbinary LDPC codes outperform the binary and nonbinary codes derived from other constructions over the AWGN channel with BPSK modulation.

    Novel bus arbiter with the two-level arbitration mechanism
    LIU Lu;ZHOU Xiaofeng;ZHU Zhangming;ZHOU Duan;YANG Yintang
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  12-17+105.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.003
    Abstract ( 329 )   PDF (521KB) ( 178 )   Save
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    With the continuous increase in the complexity of the System-on-Chip(SoC), the growing demand for bandwidth and the unpredictable wire delay have made buses the bottleneck of SoC properties; researches on efficient bus arbiters, which play a decisive role in the properties of SoC, are of great significance. In view of the decisions made by arbiters are determined by arbitration algorithms which have little reliance on hardware structures, a software simulation platform is provided in this paper to verify the properties of arbiters, on which a novel arbiter based on the structure and trans-level judgment of the two-level arbiter is proposed. Simulation results show that the novel arbiter would reduce the standard deviation between the actual granted ratio and the required bandwidth ratio by 54.4% and 50.8% respectively in comparison with two traditional arbiters, indicating the approximation between granted ratio and the required bandwidth ratio.

    Asymmetric biasing linearization technique for the human body communication transmitter
    LIU Yang;YANG Yintang;LI Di;SHI Zuochen
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  18-23.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.004
    Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (2403KB) ( 120 )   Save
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    An asymmetric biasing technique for the buffer is presented. Second order distortion at the output of the buffer is cancelled, which can be used in the human body communication (HBC) transmitter to shape the output spectrum. Realized by active resistors, asymmetric biasing applied to the gate of MOS transistors adjusts the second order nonlinearity coefficient of transistors so that the second order intermodulation products at the output of the buffer are cancelled. Designed in 0.35μm CMOS process and under a supply voltage of 1.8V, an HBC transmitter is designed. Simulation results show that IIP2 of the single-ended output buffer is optimized to 84dBm and that the transmitter output spectrum at 1MHz is attenuated to -127dBr, which meets the -120dBr requirement of the IEEE 802.15.6 standard.

    Analysis and experimental verification of relationship between external force and deformation of tensegrity structures
    LI Tuanjie;CHE Mingkui
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  24-28.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.005
    Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (867KB) ( 170 )   Save
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    The tensegrity structures suffer the axial pressure in struts and the axial tension in cables and springs, so they are widely used in many engineering fields such as architecture, biotechnology, aerospace and robotics. Based on the Lagrangian dynamics and prototype experiment, the spring deformation of the tensegrity structure under the action of external forces is analyzed and measured. First, the dynamic model of the equilibrium state of the tensegrity structure is derived. The spring deformation of the tensegrity structure under the action of external nonconservative forces is analyzed. Then, by means of the prototype experiment on the tensegrity structure with six struts and three cables, the spring deformation is measured. The comparison and analysis between the experimental and numerical results validate the dynamic model of the tensegrity structure and reveal the mathematical relation between external forces and deformation of the tensegrity structure.

    Wideband Fabry-Perot cavity antenna
    JI Luyang;FU Guang;ZHANG Zhiya;GONG Shuxi
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  29-33.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.006
    Abstract ( 449 )   PDF (1415KB) ( 281 )   Save
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    In order to improve the radiation bandwidth of the Fabry-Perot Cavity (FPC) antenna, a new approach has been proposed, namely employing a tapered corrugation structure on the ground plane. To verify the proposed method, a wideband high-gain FPC antenna is designed. By introducing the corrugation structure, the height of the cavity can be gradually reduced. In this way, the phase of the radiation field can be compensated, which leads to a well-distributed radiation aperture. Therefore, the 3dB gain bandwidth can be enhanced. This structure is calculated by the CST Microwave Studio. The results validate the proposed approach, which helps 3dB gain bandwidth improvement from 17% to 24%. Moreover, the 10dB impedance bandwidth and the maximum realized gain remain unchanged, that is, 35.7% and 14.7dBi, respectively. This design can be widely used in many applications, such as wireless communication, due to its relatively wide bandwidth.

    Scale shape descriptors
    FENG Xiangwei;FENG Dazheng;LI Haipeng
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  34-39+118.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.007
    Abstract ( 361 )   PDF (1497KB) ( 158 )   Save
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    In order to more effectively deal with scale changes of shapes, the scale shape descriptors (SSD) are designed by utilizing shape contexts (SC) or Gaussian shape contexts (GSC) with different scales as basis shape descriptors. Firstly, the scales of shape descriptors as intra-layer scales are determined based on the reference shape. Different inter-layer scales used to establish scale cubes of the test shape. Secondly, we calculate the mean distance between every layer of scale cubes and the test shape, and search the nearest scale of the master shape based on the mean distance. Thirdly, the spline interpolation is used to more accurately estimate the optimal scale. Then shape descriptors are built based on the optimal scale and the point to point correspondences are exactly determined on the basis of which the registration transform is calculated. Experimental results show that the SSC can well overcome the difficulties caused by scale changes in shape registration.

    FDTD formulation for dispersive chiral media using the Newmark algorithm
    WANG Fei;WEI Bing;YANG Qian;LI Linqian
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  40-44+124.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.008
    Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (473KB) ( 163 )   Save
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    An explicit iteration finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) formulation, based on the Newmark algorithm, for dispersive chiral media is developed and presented. The auxiliary differential equations in terms of four intermediate variables, which are defined according to the media parameters of dispersive chiral media, are established. Then the classical Newmark algorithm is introduced in discretizing the auxiliary differential equations. Finally, combining with the constitutive relation and Maxwell's curl equations, the Newmark-FDTD formulation for dispersive chiral media is developed. The reflection and transmission coefficients including co-polarization and cross-polarization of a dispersive chiral slab and the bistatic radar cross-section of the dispersive chiral sphere are simulated, with the validity and feasibility performed by comparing the results with those based on the exact solutions.

    Probabilistic and interval reliability design of the composite pressure vessel
    LIN Feng;CHEN Jianjun;CAO Hongjun
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  45-51.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.009
    Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (601KB) ( 179 )   Save
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    Considering the randomness or interval character of physical parameters and applied loads of composite pressure vessels (COPV), the COPV reliability-analyzing model is built. And then the computational expressions for the mean value, standard deviation and deviation of fiber stress are deduced by the random factor method. The probabilistic and interval reliability designs on COPV are implemented by utilizing the probabilistic method and interval method combined with the improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, respectively. The influence of fluctuation of structure uncertain parameters on COPV design thickness is inspected. Finally, examples are given to demonstrate that both probabilistic and interval reliability methods can satisfy the safety requirement and both are of higher rationality than the traditional safety factor method. And probabilistic method has a lower relative error but a higher computational complexity contrasted with the interval method.

    Verifiable search over encrypted data with a variable keyword-field
    MIAO Yinbin;MA Jianfeng;LIU Zhiquan;WEI Fushan;WANG Xu'an
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  52-58.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.010
    Abstract ( 358 )   PDF (732KB) ( 229 )   Save
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    The latest searchable encryption (SE) technique allows cloud clients to conduct the search query over ciphertext according to keywords. However, the malicious cloud service provider (CSP) may return incorrect or forged search results which lead to data integrity compromises in practical applications, and most of existing SE schemes has a fixed keyword-field. To solve these problems, this paper devises a cryptographic primitive called  verifiable search after encrypted data with the variable keyword-field scheme through an asymmetric bilinear map. Formal security analysis proves that our scheme can guarantee data confidentiality and integrity simultaneously, and resist the chosen keyword attack. Furthermore, experimental results over the real-world dataset show that our scheme is feasible in practice.

    Extended fractal properties of the AR spectrum and its application in weak target detection in sea clutter background
    FAN Yifei;LUO Feng;LI Ming;HU Chong;CHEN Shuailin
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  59-64.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.011
    Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (1183KB) ( 167 )   Save
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    This paper mainly studies the extended fractal properties of the power spectrum of the sea clutter. To overcome the deficiencies of Fourier transform analysis, the power spectrum of the sea clutter is obtained by autoregressive(AR) spectrum estimation. The AR model is a linear predictive model, which estimates the power spectrum of the sea clutter from its autocorrelation matrix and has a higher frequency resolution than Fourier analysis. This paper concentrates on analyzing the extended fractal property of the power spectrum based on AR spectral estimation and its application to weak target detection. Firstly, fractional Brownian motion (FBM) is taken as an example to prove the self-similar property of the power spectrum. Then, the real measured X-band data is used to analyze the multi-scale Hurst exponent of the AR spectrum of the sea clutter and its optimized scale interval. Finally, a novel detection method based on the multi-scale Hurst exponent of the AR spectrum is proposed. The results show that the proposed method is effective for weak target detection in sea clutter background. Compared to the existing extended fractal method and the traditional CFAR method, the proposed method has a better detection performance in the low SCR condition.

    Track quality evaluation method using amplitude information
    LIU Hongliang;ZHOU Shenghua;LIU Hongwei;LU Ruilian;YAN Junkun
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  65-70.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.012
    Abstract ( 342 )   PDF (661KB) ( 176 )   Save
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    Increasing the false alarm rate can improve detection performance of weak targets, but it will induce too many false tracks. Therefore, a track quality evaluation method based on amplitude information is proposed in this paper, to further distinguish target tracks and false tracks. Firstly, according to the amplitude information on one plot, we give a quality evaluation function for each plot; then, based on the plot quality in a temporal window for track quality evaluation, we calculate the track quality; finally, we accomplish track confirmation, track maintenance and track termination according to the calculated track quality. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method can obtain a higher probability of track confirmation and track maintenance at a strict track quality standard with a lower probability of track deletion, indicating the improvement of detection performance of weak targets.

    Algorithm for constructing three-way concepts
    WANG Wenwei;QI Jianjun
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  71-76.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.013
    Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (488KB) ( 384 )   Save
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    The theory of three-way concept analysis is newly developed, but so far there is no concrete algorithm for constructing three-way concepts. In order to solve this problem, a three-way concept construction algorithm named CbO3C is firstly proposed in this paper. The CbO3C adopts the idea of the construction algorithm CbO of formal concepts in formal concept analysis. At the same time, in order to improve the efficiency and lower the memory overhead, the CbO3C employs the partial closure canonicity test and inherited failure test to reduce the repeated computations of three-way concepts, applies the reduction condition to filter the non-core three-way concepts, and implements set operations on the basis of bits. The experiments with UCI and random data sets show that the CbO3C can correctly and efficiently calculate all core three-way concepts of a formal context.

    Efficient design method for the low correlation zone orthogonal polyphase code
    ZHANG Wei;YANG Minglei;CHEN Baixiao
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  77-82+145.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.014
    Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (916KB) ( 92 )   Save
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    Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar can fundamentally improve radar performance by using the orthogonal polyphase code with a low correlation zone(LCZ) in some conditions. A novel approach based on the prediction model is proposed to design such orthogonal signals more efficiently and more effectively than the traditional optimization method. An initial polyphase code set with a short code-length is randomly generated as a basis first, and then minimizing the weighed energy of autocorrelation sidelobes and cross-correlation in the LCZ to predict the next code of each signal continuously, until reaching any appointed code-length. Compared with the common optimization methods, the computational complexity is lower due to the recursive calculation of the correlation function, and especially, the obtained waves have a lower autocorrelation peak sidelobe and cross-correlation peak, meeting the deduced theoretical bound of the ratio of peak sidelobe to mainlobe.

    Improved PCANet for aurora images classification
    HAN Bing;JIA Zhonghua;GAO Xinbo
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  83-88.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.015
    Abstract ( 302 )   PDF (1550KB) ( 233 )   Save
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    The mysterious aurora is changeable, and the different forms of the aurora represent various physical processes which often affect our lives. So, it is of significant scientific value to classify the aurora images for the study of space physics. Based on the PCANet, a simple deep learning model, we develop an improved PCANet algorithm for aurora images classification. Firstly, the map of aurora images are extracted by the improved PCANet. Then the support vector machine is used to classify the feature of aurora images. Experimental results with the dataset obtained from the All-sky Imager at the Chinese Arctic Yellow River Station demonstrate that the scheme can obtain higher accuracy in aurora image classification than the PCANet.

    Influence of the pulsar direction error and geometry distribution on spacecraft relative navigation
    XUE Mengfan;LI Xiaoping;FANG Haiyan;SUN Haifeng;SHEN Lirong
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  89-93.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.016
    Abstract ( 297 )   PDF (1016KB) ( 101 )   Save
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    X-ray pulsar navigation is one of the effective means to realize the spacecraft relative navigation. Based on the Kalman filtering measurement model of X-ray pulsar based relative navigation, the effect of pulsar direction error and geometry distribution on navigation accuracy is researched. To model the pulsar direction error, a method of translating the model error into the measurement error is proposed. Simulation results indicate that the relative distance deviation caused by pulsars  direction errors of 1arcsec is up to 0.34% and that it increases linearly with the actuating direction error when the direction error is within 1000arcsec. The effect of the pulsar geometry distribution on navigation precision is remarkable. Selecting 4 pulsars from 8 for navigation, the discrepancy of navigation precision reaches 10.74%.

    Local pixel correlation for image quality assessment
    LU Wen;LI Shuai;XU Hongqiang;HE Lihuo
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  94-99.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.017
    Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (1727KB) ( 205 )   Save
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    The available image quality assessment methods are mostly based on the statistical characteristic and seldom consider the change of pixel correlation in conjunction with the quality assessment, which induces the quality assessment metric to be limited in the degradation of image quality caused by the change of pixel correlation. However, the pixel correlation change has a great effect on the image quality, so the pixel correlation for image quality assessment is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the mutual information is utilized to segment the image into non-overlapped patches that have a minimum intra-regional diversity and maximum inter-regional diversity, which explores the relationship between segmented patches and image brightness distribution. Secondly, the correlation is described based on the relative entropy, mutual information and conditional entropy, and the image is then abstracted as the specific information, the saliency information and the entanglement information. Finally, the degradations of image information in the distorted image are mapped together to obtain final image quality. Experimental results show that the proposed framework has good consistency with subjective perception.

    Automatic road extraction method for high-resolution remote sensing images
    LIU Ruyi;SONG Jianfeng;QUAN Yining;XU Pengfei;XUE Qing;YANG Yun;MIAO Qiguang
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  100-105.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.018
    Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (2621KB) ( 239 )   Save
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    Road extraction from high-resolution satellite images is very important. Due to image noise, the natural scene complexity, and the extraction algorithms limitations, it still needs to be further researched. In recent years, level set evolution has been used to extract the road, but it is difficult to automatically generate initial level curves for the level set evolution (LSE). In this paper, we propose an automatic approach to the generation of initial level curves and use it to extract the road. Firstly, the convolutional neural network(CNN) is used to classify the road or nonroad, then shape features are adopted to filter nonlinear features to get the accurate road region. And on this basis, we exploit tensor voting to detect the road junctions and utilize them as initial level curves; finally we fuse the results obtained by the CNN and LSE. Experiments show that this algorithm can get an accurate and complete road.

    Fast sensing method in compressive sensing with low complexity
    QUAN Lei;XIAO Song;XUE Xiao;LI Ying
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  106-111.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.019
    Abstract ( 255 )   PDF (764KB) ( 170 )   Save
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    The random sensing algorithms are hard for hardware implementation while the deterministic sensing algorithms have difficulty in acquiring large signals in the sensing systems of compressive sensing. This paper proposes a fast sensing method for compressive sensing with low complexity. The input signal is firstly permuted by an m-sequence controlled interleaving device. Then the permuted signal is transformed by the fast Walsh-Hadamard transform and down sampled to generate the measurements. Theoretical analysis indicates that the entries of the corresponding sensing matrices are asymptotically normally distributed. Simulation results show that the sensing performance of the corresponding matrices is almost the same as that of completely random sensing operators with a shorter computational time cost. The proposed method has good sensing performance and is easier for hardware implementation, which is meaningful in practice.

    Design of an active cold noise source under the normal temperature condition
    DONG Shuai;WANG Zhenzhan;HE Qiurui;ZHANG Lei
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  112-118.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.020
    Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (665KB) ( 152 )   Save
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    In view of the limitation of the traditional microwave noise source in providing low brightness temperature noise, a new type of microwave cold noise source device is introduced. Based on the “ColFET” principle, the 2-port microwave network with output-port terminated noise temperature model is given. A design procedure of the active cold noise source (ACNS) is described, and an L-band ACNS using the GaAs high electron mobility transistor is reported. A noise injection radiometer has been developed to perform the measurements. The L-band ACNS works at 302K, and exhibits a noise temperature of less than 85.3K in the 1400~1430MHz frequency band. Test results show that the ACNS can be used as a microwave radiometer calibration cold source.

    Impossible differential cryptanalysis on the PRINCE
    WEI Yuechuan;PAN Xiaozhong;RONG Yisheng;WANG Xu'an
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  119-124.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.021
    Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (527KB) ( 187 )   Save
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    The PRINCE is a light-weight block cipher with the 64-bit block size and 128-bit key size. It is characterized by low power-consumption and low latency. PRINCEcore is the PRINCE cipher without key-whiting. For evaluating its security, a statistical testing on linear transformation is performed, and a statistical character matrix is given. By using the “miss-in-the-middle” technique, we construct a 5-round impossible differential characteristic. Based on the 5-round distinguisher, a 9-round attack on the PRINCEcore is performed. For the 9-round attack, the data complexity, time complexity and space complexity are 2<sup>61.2</sup>, 2<sup>54.3</sup> and 2<sup>17.7</sup>, respectively. The testing result shows that the PRINCEcore reduced to 9 rounds is not immune to impossible differential attack.

    Symbol error probability of an OFDM receiver with pulse blanking based on the peak value threshold
    LIU Haitao;CONG Wan;YIN Zhisheng;LI Dongxia
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  125-129+164.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.022
    Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (595KB) ( 124 )   Save
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    Pulse blanking based on the peak value threshold is a widely used method to eliminate impulsive interference in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) receiver. To assess the impact of pulse blanking on the link transmission reliability of the OFDM receiver, the analytical expression for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the OFDM receiver with pulse blanking based on the peak value threshold is derived in the frequency selective fading channel. According to this analysis, the calculation method for symbol error probability is given in this paper. Computer simulation indicates that theory accords with simulation and validates the accuracy of theoretical analysis.

    Design of and experiment on a bending hybrid ultrasonic motor with single driving foot
    LIU Yingxiang;YAN Jipeng;XU Dongmei;YANG Xiaohui;CHEN Weishan
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  130-133+188.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.023
    Abstract ( 204 )   PDF (1079KB) ( 197 )   Save
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    For the aim of miniaturization, this work chooses the third bending mode of beam as the piezoelectric actuator's vibration mode. By using the finite element method, the proposed motor is designed and analyzed. By modal analysis, the parameters of structure are designed. By harmonic analysis, the mechanic quality factor and electromechanical coupling factor of the proposed actuator are obtained. Based on theory and simulation, a prototype of the proposed piezoelectric actuator is fabricated. Impedance analyses are executed by the Agilent precision impedance analyzer. Mechanical output characteristics of the prototype are obtained experimentally. The maximal no-load velocity of the proposed motor is 735mm/s and the maximal output force is 1.1N.

    Robust interference alignment for norm-bounded channel uncertainties
    DAI Longzhen;CUI Weijia;WANG Daming
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  134-139+181.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.024
    Abstract ( 233 )   PDF (556KB) ( 180 )   Save
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    Conventional interference alignment (IA) requires perfect channel state infromation and is sensitive to channel uncertainties. Based on the norm-bounded channel uncertainties model, this paper proposes three worst-case approach robust IA algorithms. First, to decrease the interference and signal leakage, a robust algorithm is proposed to minimize the maximum leakage power; Second, to increase the interference and signal in the corresponding subspace, another robust algorithm is proposed to maximize the minimun subspace projection; finally, a united robust algorithm is proposed by uniting the two algorithms above. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can outperform the conventional algorithms when channel uncertainties are norm-bounded, which affirms the robustness of the proposed algorithm.

    Fuzzy deduction methods of selecting the underwater terrain navigation matching area
    WANG Lihui;QIAO Nan;YU Le
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  140-145.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.025
    Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (649KB) ( 135 )   Save
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    To overcome the problems of not describing terrain matching characteristics totally with a single terrain feature parameter in underwater navigation terrain database, an evaluation method named Vague set is proposed to describe the terrain suitability comprehensively based on the fuzzy decision making (FDM) method. The membership functions and non-membership functions of the Vague set are used to define the influence of the terrain map characteristics parameters on matching suitability, and comprehensive evaluation values of matching areas are obtained by the weighted score function method. Simulation results demonstrate that the terrain map suitability is positively proportional to the comprehensive evaluation value, while the matching position error is negatively proportional to the comprehensive evaluation value of the matching area. The Vague set can choose the optimal matching areaeffectively, and solve the problem that the single topographic map featurecannot evaluate suitability comprehensively.

    Study of the scalable heterogeneous parallel out-of-core higher order method of moments
    ZUO Sheng;CHEN Yan;ZHANG Yu;ZHAO Xunwang;LIN Zhongchao
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  146-151.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.026
    Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (1080KB) ( 141 )   Save
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    To achieve the across-nodes technology of the heterogeneous parallel method of moments (MoM), a parallel MoM programming model is studied on CPU/GPU and CPU/MIC heterogeneous platforms. By utilizing the CONTEXT technology in the CUDA which contains the GPU common programming criterions, and the concept of environment variables in MIC, a general heterogeneous parallel programming model for the CPU/GPU and CPU/MIC is proposed, which meets the static load-balancing for the across-nodes heterogeneous parallel MoM. Numerical results show that the heterogeneous parallel MoM codes based on the proposed parallel programming model can obtain ideal speedup and good scalability.

    Matrix reconstruction high accuracy DOA estimation algorithm on the Nested array
    ZHANG Xiaofeng;TAO Haihong;SUN Chenwei
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  152-158.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.027
    Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (856KB) ( 143 )   Save
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    For the nested array, the covariance matrix of the receiving data is pulled into a column vector by using the Khatri-Rao product, which is equivalent receiving data turned into the single snapshot. In the case of the covariance matrix being vectored, a new matrix reconstruction is presented to build up the rank of the new covariance matrix and the ESPRIT algorithm of an improved matrix reconstruction is proposed in this paper. The covariance matrix on the virtual array will be restored and more matrices can be reconstructed by using this approach.Then, the DOA estimation is obtained based on the ESPRIT algorithm of matrix reconstruction. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves accurate DOA estimation when the number of targets is larger than that of array elements.

    Second-order graph model ant and colony optimization based image matching
    YANG Siyan;CAO Wencan;LI Shiping
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  159-164.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.028
    Abstract ( 239 )   PDF (1778KB) ( 194 )   Save
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    Image matching is a fundamental problem in the computer vision field. This paper focuses on image matching based on the graph structure model. The methods of the graph model establishment in the second-order or high-order constraint are studied. In order to overcome the defects of traditional optimal algorithms which fall easily into the local optimal solution, this paper adopts the ant colony optimization algorithm to optimize the match score function and proposes an high-order graph matching algorithm based on ant colony optimization. It first applies the tensor matching algorithm to initialize the pheromone matrix to provide a good start point, adopts the affinity tensor to provide the priori knowledge for computing the heuristic factor, then calculates the transition probability using the pheromone and heuristic factor, and finally updates the pheromone in two ways by the solutions which have been searched. The two updating rules of pheromone are local and global. Experimental results show that this algorithm can get a higher matching accuracy and has a stronger robustness against deformation noises and outliers compared with others.

    Image retrieval based on kernel trick and iterative quantization
    YANG Yuan;ZHA Yufei;QIN Bing;LIANG Bingbing;YANG Liwei;LI Yunqiang
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  165-170.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.029
    Abstract ( 252 )   PDF (717KB) ( 177 )   Save
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    This paper proposes a novel algorithm for solving the problem of data linear inseparable and low-accuracy in the image retrieval field. In order to get hash codes, the algorithm takes account of kernel trick and iterative quantization. First, the kernel trick is used to map the image data from low-dimension into high-dimension cleverly. In this way the data become linearly separable, and the trained hash codes are proved to be effective. Second, in the process of training the hash function, iterative quantization is used to quantize the image data to the closest hash codes. Finally, the quantitative error is minimized, and the hash codes are generated for image retrieval. Experimental results show that it certainly outperforms other compared hashing algorithms on two image benchmarks.

    Effect of reactor geometry on GaN in a vertical MOCVD reactor
    FENG Lansheng;GUO Runqiu;ZHANG Jincheng
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  171-175.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.030
    Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (1924KB) ( 363 )   Save
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    A simulation of the GaN growth in a vertical MOCVD reactor is presented. The results show that the gas phase transfer process in GaN growth and material quality of GaN are all affected by the reactor height and the rotation speed of the substrate. With the increasing rotation speed of the substrate, the flow field distribution in the MOCVD reactor becomes more uniform and stable, and the gas flow rate on the substrate surface and the GaN growth rate increase. The uniformity of the GaN is improved at the same time. But the growth rate will decrease when the rotation speed becomes too high. Under the same conditions, the flow field becomes more uniform and stable when the reactor height increases, which is helpful to improving the uniformity of the GaN material. And the growth rate decreases first and then increases in the same process; the gas phase reaction is enhanced at the same time.

    Efficient QOTDM transmission method for the satellite channel
    DUAN Zhenzhen;TIAN Bin;YI Kechu;LI Yunhua
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  176-181.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.031
    Abstract ( 693 )   PDF (765KB) ( 219 )   Save
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    An efficient Quasi-orthogonal time division multiplexing (QOTDM) transmission is proposed for the satellite mobile channels. High order modulation is used in this method to resist the nonlinear mobile satellite channel. The spectral gap of sample points is eliminated by multiple rate conversion at the transmitter in order to improve the spectral efficiency. At the receiver, cyclic is constructed by channel information and local PN sequence, and a frequency domain equalization algorithm based on the block is presented. Theoretical analysis shows that this frequency domain equalization method can use the energy of the multipath to suppress the noise and the interference between the forward and backward sample points can be eliminated in the meantime. Compared with the traditional frequency domain equalization based on the cyclic prefix, the spectral utilization and data transmission efficiency are improved. It is shown by the Monte Carlo simulation that the signal-to-noise ratio of 5dB or so for the SER of 10<sup>-3</sup> can be achieved by the scheme proposed compared with the OFDM in the time-varying Rician channels.

    Saliency detection via object size distribution prior and image abstraction
    WEI Rui;HE Mingyi;LIAN Baowang;ZHOU Junni
    Journal of Xidian University. 2017, 44(1):  182-188.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.01.032
    Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (5383KB) ( 242 )   Save
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    In order to uniformly highlight the entire salient object and reduce the influence of high contrast small-size objects on saliency detection, salient object size distribution regularity and consistency of salient objects in different scales image abstraction are investigated. A multi-scale abstraction saliency detection approach based on the object size distribution prior is proposed. The method measures the color uniqueness and distribution for different super-pixel abstraction images, and guides salient object segmentation and abstraction by the object size distribution regularity. Experimental results on publicly available image databases show that the method can accurately detect salient objects. Meanwhile, it can restrain the influence of small-size high contrast objects on saliency detection and generate a uniform saliency map.