永磁同步电机失磁故障电磁仿真分析

doi:10.16180/j.cnki.issn1007-7820.2021.10.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对永磁同步电机永磁体失磁问题,文中采用有限元分析方法,建立3 kW小型永磁同步电机的Ansoft Maxwell有限元分析模型。采用等比例减少永磁材料矫顽力和剩余磁感应强度的方法来模拟永磁体退磁故障,建立了不同失磁程度下的电机有限元模型。结果表明,当永磁同步电机发生50%失磁故障时,空载以及负载时的气隙磁密都不同程度减小,空载气隙磁场衰减53.0%,负载衰减19.8%。此外,感应电势成线性减小,电流非线性增大,感应电势的基波和谐波分量都不同程度的减小。电机输出转矩随着失磁程度增大而减小,且失磁程度达到50%时,永磁电机已经开始不能达到额定转矩输出状态。文中结果可作为失磁故障诊断提供参考依据。

关键词: 永磁同步电机, Ansoft Maxwell, 失磁, 输出转矩, 气隙磁密, 故障诊断, 有限元, 矫顽力

Abstract:

In view of the problem of permanent magnet loss of permanent magnet synchronous motor, the method of finite element analysis is used in the proposed study to establish Ansoft Maxwell finite element analysis model of 3 kW small permanent magnet synchronous motor. The method of reducing the coercive force and residual magnetic induction of permanent magnet materials is adopted to simulate the permanent magnet demagnetization failure, and the finite element models of the motor under different degrees of loss of magnetism are established. The results show that when the permanent magnet synchronous motor has a 50% loss of field fault, the air gap magnetic density decreases in varying degrees at no-load and load, the no-load air gap magnetic field attenuates by 53.0% and the load decays by 19.8%. Additionally, the induced potential decreases linearly, the current nonlinearity increases, and the fundamental and harmonic components of the induced potential decrease in varying degrees. The motor output torque decreases with the increase of the loss of field, and when the degree of loss of excitation reaches 50%, the permanent magnet motor cannot reach the rated torque output state. This result can be used as an important basis for the diagnosis of loss of excitation fault.

Key words: permanent magnet synchronous motor, Ansoft Maxwell, demagnetization, output torque, air gap magnetic density, fault diagnosis, finite element, coercive force

中图分类号:

TP391.9

陈胜利,王新掌,许孝卓. 永磁同步电机失磁故障电磁仿真分析[J]. 电子科技, 2021, 34(10): 32-37.

CHEN Shengli,WANG Xinzhang,XU Xiaozhuo. Electromagnetic Simulation Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Demagnetization Fault[J]. Electronic Science and Technology, 2021, 34(10): 32-37.

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主要参数	参考值
额定功率	3 kW
极对数	3
定子外径	210 mm
定、转子铁心	DW315_50
轴向长度	65 mm
气隙厚度	1 mm
轴向长度	65 mm

失磁比	基波/V	3次谐波/V	5次谐波/V	7次谐波/V
0%	277.2	17.2	6.8	7.6
10%	258.4	17.1	6.3	6.9
20%	236.1	16.4	5.5	6.0
30%	209.6	15.3	4.7	5.2
40%	180.5	13.5	3.9	4.4
50%	150.5	11.3	3.3	3.7
60%	120.4	9.0	2.6	2.9
70%	90.3	6.8	1.9	2.2

失磁比例	平均铜耗	铁耗	总损耗
0%	257 W	26.4 W	283.4 W
80%	410 W	24.2 W	434.2 W
60%	870 W	22.4 W	892.4 W
40%	4 202 W	20.7 W	4 222.7 W